The polite listener In England stares at the speaker attentively and blinks his eyes occasionally as a sign of interest. That eye-blink says nothing to Americans, who expect the listener to nod or to murmur something such as "mm - hmm”. And in some parts of  Far East, it is impolite to look at the other person at all during conversation.It is often argued that, in teaching foreign languages, Culture and language are interwoven in a way that it is not possible to present language without its Culture. However, until a new method of teaching language, called communicative approach, which is sociolinguistically oriented, had not come into existence, this belief was not used to be observed in textbooks and language classes. This method intends to create situations in the classroom in which foreign language can be used as naturally and authentically as the native speakers of target language use it for communicative purposes.The problem of teaching Culture, nevertheless, does not end here. Nowadays, foreign languages are taught with different and varied objectives. Is it necessary for all foreign language learners to get familiar with the Culture of foreign language they are supposed to learn? As Schumann (1984) claims, is it true that second language learning is impossible, unless one gives up his/her own native Culture and adopts the Culture of foreign language community? What are some relevant issues regarding teaching English in Iran? These are actually some basic questions raised in this article. Whereas definite answers are not necessarily provided in this paper, some areas of research related to Culture, and teaching foreign language are put forward.

Background: Safety Culture is a subset of organizational Culture, and beliefs and values specifically reflect health and Safety. The present study aimed to measure patient Safety Culture in a selected hospital with a national accreditation approach and Safety-friendly hospital standards. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2018-2019 at Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences. This applied research is a descriptive study conducted using a qualitative method. The sample size of this study was determined using the Richard J. Shavelson formula. Then, 262 hospital staff were selected, of whom 257 participated in the first stage and 201 in the second stage. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) questionnaire was used to assess Safety Culture. Results: Comparing the first stage of monitoring Safety Culture with the second stage of interventions showed that the lowest level of Safety Culture was associated with the number of reported incidents, and the patient Safety grade had the highest rank. Also, the difference between the first and second stage monitoring was shown in determining the level of Safety Culture, workplace (+0. 3), direct manager (-0. 1), communication and feedback (+0. 1), frequency of reported incidents (-0. 1), patient Safety level (+0. 2), your hospital (-0. 1), number of reported incidents (+0. 3), and their relationship was not significant. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, it is possible to promote an effective Safety Culture by strengthening interdepartmental cooperation and strengthening communication between hospital units through interaction and intimate communication between supervisors and subordinates.

Background and Aim: In order to improve the patient's Safety, countries are required to monitor the Safety of systems, and in this path, patient Safety Culture should be explored and developed among staff. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of teaching on patient Safety Culture on the promotion of Safety Culture and self-efficacy of nurses in Vali-e-Asr Hospital of Birjand. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out in a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest with the control group. The statistical population of this study was all nurses working in Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Birjand in 2018 (100 people). From this statistical society, based on the Morgan table and by stratified sampling, A total of 80 nurses were selected and Randomly and evenly divided into two experimental and control groups. The group training sessions of the patient Safety Culture were conducted for 4 sessions of 2 hours for the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. In the pretest and posttest, both groups responded to the research tools (Patient Safety Culture and General Sherer Self-efficacy Questionnaire). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) by using covariance analysis. Results: The results showed that in the variable of Safety Culture due to the variable effect, The education of the patient Safety Culture was significant (P <0. 01); in the self-efficacy variable with respect to the effect of the variable, The education of the patient Safety Culture was significant (P = 0. 001). Conclusion: Training on patient Safety Culture to nurses, affects the promotion of their Safety Culture and self-efficacy; Therefore, it is suggested that planners, administrators, use this methodology to promote the Safety Culture.

Education is a continually developing activity, it shapes the way an individual develops their attitudes, thoughts and behavior. Education is not just about being literate but it is an overall development of the person in every aspect of their lives. A society's educational system can be greatly linked to its Culture as the Culture that one is in have an affect on the type of curriculum the institutions will develop in order to cater to every individual of that particular Culture. Education moulds and shapes a society and it is influenced by the Culture of the particular country or society. The educational system acts as a point of reference for the society's needs and demands. The principles that dominate this article is Culture and education are interrelated and interconnected. Every educational paradigm is influenced by the Culture of the society in which it operates. This essay underlines the extensive connection between Culture and education. As a result, the goal of this essay is to depict these features from a Philosophical-Psychological Approach.